Nerve to stapedius – motor fibres to stapedius muscle of the middle ear.Greater petrosal nerve – parasympathetic fibres to mucous glands and lacrimal gland.Next, the nerve forms the geniculate ganglion (a ganglion is a collection of nerve cell bodies).Firstly the two roots fuse to form the facial nerve.The canal is a ‘Z’ shaped structure. Within the facial canal, three important events occur: Still within the temporal bone, the roots leave the internal acoustic meatus, and enter into the facial canal. Here, they are in very close proximity to the inner ear. The two roots travel through the internal acoustic meatus, a 1cm long opening in the petrous part of the temporal bone. It begins as two roots a large motor root, and a small sensory root (the part of the facial nerve that arises from the sensory root is sometimes known as the intermediate nerve). The nerve arises in the pons, an area of the brainstem. Extracranial – the course of the nerve outside the cranium, through the face and neck.Intracranial – the course of the nerve through the cranial cavity, and the cranium itself.There are many branches, which transmit a combination of sensory, motor and parasympathetic fibres.Īnatomically, the course of the facial nerve can be divided into two parts: The course of the facial nerve is very complex.
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